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Complex Numbers & Euler Polar Form

Perform complex arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), compute modulus r, argument θ in degrees and radians, and Euler polar form.

InputsChange a value to recalculate instantly
ResultUpdates as you type
z₁ + z₂4 + 2i
z₁ − z₂2 + 6i
z₁ × z₂11 − 2i
z₁ ÷ z₂-1 + 2i
|z₁|5
arg(z₁)53.13°
FORMULA & STEPSComplex Numbers & Euler Polar Form — Mathematical Derivation & Steps
2 StepsSequential Calculation Breakdown
1
Add and subtract
Combine real and imaginary components separately.
2
Polar form
Compute modulus and argument with atan2.
λ DooMathWork with this calculation
Local · deterministic · optional
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Quick mathNatural-language-style shortcuts for deterministic arithmetic.
Calculator guide

How to use the Complex Numbers & Euler Polar Form

Perform complex arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), compute modulus r, argument θ in degrees and radians, and Euler polar form.

01Set inputsChoose values, units and assumptions.
02Apply the modelz = a + bi = r(cos θ + i sin θ) = r e^{iθ}; r = √(a² + b²); θ = atan2(b, a)
03Read the resultCheck the output against the assumptions before using it.
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What this calculator does

Enter real and imaginary components for z₁ and z₂. The calculator evaluates rectangular arithmetic, complex conjugates, and converts to exponential polar coordinates.

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Formula & method

z = a + bi = r(cos θ + i sin θ) = r e^{iθ}; r = √(a² + b²); θ = atan2(b, a)

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Assumptions & notes

  • Euler's formula e^{iθ} = cos θ + i sin θ bridges trigonometry and exponential growth.
  • Multiplication in polar form multiplies moduli and adds arguments.
  • The complex conjugate reflected across the real axis is a - bi.